A New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor, MHY4381, Induces Apoptosis via Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Prostate Cancer Cells

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors represent a novel class of anticancer agents, which can be used to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in several types of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of MHY4381, a newly synthesized HDAC inhibitor, against human prostate cancer cell lines and compared its efficacy with that of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a well-known HDAC inhibitor. We assessed cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and other biological effects in the prostate cancer cells. We also evaluated a possible mechanism of MHY4381 on the apoptotic cell death pathway. The IC50 value of MHY4381 was lower in DU145 cells (IC50=0.31 μM) than in LNCaP (IC50=0.85 μM) and PC-3 cells (IC50=5.23 μM). In addition, the IC50 values of MHY4381 measured in this assay were significantly lower than those of SAHA against prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased the levels of acetylated histones H3 and H4 and reduced the expression of HDAC proteins in the prostate cancer cell lines. MHY4381 increased G2/M phase arrest in DU145 cells, and G1 arrest in LNCaP cells. It also activated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which induced apoptosis in the DU145 and LNCaP cells by increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and releasing cytochrome c into the cytoplasm. Our results indicated that MHY4381 preferentially results in antitumor effects in DU145 and LNCaP cells via mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and ROS-facilitated cell death pathway, and therefore can be used as a promising prostate cancer therapeutic.

Population-Based Epidemiologic Study on Herpes Zoster in Korea: Seven-Year Nationwide Analysis from 2010 to 2016

No abstract available.

Principles and Practices of Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser / 대한피부과학회지

Carbon dioxide (CO2) laser is one of the most widely used lasers in dermatology. CO2 laser can precisely ablate the skin with good hemostasis, which makes it an ideal surgical laser. With the development of pulsed CO2 laser, which enabled cleaner ablation with less residual thermal damage, CO2 laser resurfacing became the gold standard for skin rejuvenation. The rejuvenation effect of full-face CO2 laser resurfacing is unparalleled to other methods; however, it is associated with a relative high incidence of side effects and prolonged downtime. Fractional CO2 laser was developed to overcome this problem. With a new technology of fractionating the laser beam into hundreds of microbeams, fractional CO2 laser resurfacing can improve various skin conditions including skin laxity, photodamage, and acne scars with short downtime and significantly lesser side effects. For optimal treatment results, clinicians have to decide the treatment depth and density based on proper understanding of the laser tissue interaction and underlying skin conditions.

Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease Mimicking Psoriasis in a Patient with Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a common complication of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) that can be classified as acute or chronic. Chronic GVHD, which usually occurs more than 3 months after BMT, includes typical lichenoid or sclerodermatous lesions. Psoriasiform eruption is a rare clinical manifestation of chronic GVHD, and there have been no reports of psoriasiform chronic GVHD associated with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. A 33-year-old woman who was diagnosed with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 10 years ago visited our outpatient clinic with psoriasiform eruption over her entire body. She underwent allogeneic BMT 7 months previously from her sibling. Skin biopsy was performed on the lesion, and the histological features suggested GVHD. The psoriasiform lesions improved with narrow-band ultraviolet B phototherapy, with secondary vitiligo remaining on the corresponding locations.

A Case of a Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis

A 50-year-old woman, who had been treated for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over a 10-year period, suddenly presented with monocular vision loss while the RA had a stable course over many years. She was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) based on ophthalmologic examinations including optical coherence tomography and fluorescein angiography. There was no evidence of atherosclerosis, infection, and malignancy that can cause CRAO. Considering the association between CRAO and other rheumatic diseases, such as systemic vasculitis and systemic lupus erythematous in previous reports, it was presumed that her RA might have contributed to the development of CRAO. Although cases of CRAO in patients with RA are extremely rare, these findings suggest that physicians need to be aware of the possibility of CRAO in patients with RA who experience decreased visual acuity.

Venous Leg Ulcer in a Sarcoidosis Patient: A Case Report

Venous leg ulcers, the most common form of leg ulcers, are relevant to the pathogenicity of pericapillary fibrin cuff. Sarcoidosis, a multiorgan granulomatous disease, causes fibrin deposition in tissues. We report a case of a 50-year-old man with venous leg ulcers coexisting with sarcoidosis. On the basis of the histologic findings, we propose the hypothesis that sarcoidosis patients are prone to the development of venous leg ulcers.

Differential Gene Expression in GPR40-Overexpressing Pancreatic beta-cells Treated with Linoleic Acid

"G protein-coupled receptor 40" (GPR40), a receptor for long-chain fatty acids, mediates the stimulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. We examined the profiles of differential gene expression in GPR40-activated cells treated with linoleic acid, and finally predicted the integral pathways of the cellular mechanism of GPR40-mediated insulinotropic effects. After constructing a GPR40-overexpressing stable cell line (RIN-40) from the rat pancreatic beta-cell line RIN-5f, we determined the gene expression profiles of RIN-5f and RIN-40. In total, 1004 genes, the expression of which was altered at least twofold, were selected in RIN-5f versus RIN-40. Moreover, the differential genetic profiles were investigated in RIN-40 cells treated with 30 microM linoleic acid, which resulted in selection of 93 genes in RIN-40 versus RIN-40 treated with linoleic acid. Based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Pathway (KEGG, http://www.genome.jp/kegg/), sets of genes induced differentially by treatment with linoleic acid in RIN-40 cells were found to be related to mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase- and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. A gene ontology (GO) study revealed that more than 30% of the genes were associated with signal transduction and cell proliferation. Thus, this study elucidated a gene expression pattern relevant to the signal pathways that are regulated by GPR40 activation during the acute period. Together, these findings increase our mechanistic understanding of endogenous molecules associated with GPR40 function, and provide information useful for identification of a target for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil for the Prevention of Xerotic Cheilitis in Acne Patients Being Treated with Isotretinoin: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: The most common adverse effects of oral isotretinoin are cheilitis, skin dryness, dry eyes, and conjunctivitis, whereas evening primrose oil (EPO) is known to improve skin moisture and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in healthy adults and atopic patients. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of EPO in preventing xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. METHODS: Forty Korean volunteers of Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV, having moderate acne, were enrolled and randomized to receive either isotretinoin with or without EPO for 8 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated on the basis of global acne grading system scores, number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions, TEWL, corneometry, physician's global assessment, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: The results after 8 weeks of treatment showed that the TEWL of the lip increased significantly during isotretinoin treatment, whereas the TEWL of the hand dorsum showed no significant change. The increase of the TEWL of the lip was more definite in the control group than in the experimental group. The number of acne lesions decreased significantly in both groups, and there were no differences between them. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that the addition of EPO improved xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin. However, besides TEWL and corneometry assessments, additional studies are required for a complete understanding of the role of EPO in xerotic cheilitis in acne patients being treated with oral isotretinoin.

Multiple Epidermal Cysts as a Complication of Gold Acupuncture

No abstract available.

The Fine Scratches of the Spectacle Frames and the Allergic Contact Dermatitis

BACKGROUND: Spectacle contact allergy is not infrequent. The fine scratches on the spectacle frames which may play a role in the sensitization to the potential allergenic components have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: We sought the relationship between the scratches on the spectacle frames and the allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the Republic of Korea. METHODS: A total of 42 Korean patients with ACD at the spectacle contact sites were enrolled. Their spectacle frames were examined with the dimethylglyoxime (DMG) test and analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Patch tests (thin-layer rapid use epicutaneous test [TRUE tests]) were performed to identify the skin allergens. RESULTS: The DMG-positive spectacle frames were identified in 78.5% of the frames. The SEM results showed that there were more scratches on the skin-contacting parts of the spectacle frames than the non-skin-contacting parts of the same frames. In the EDS findings, the mean nickel content (weight, %) of the spectacle frames was 15.7+/-5.5, and the mean chromium content was 20.3+/-3.4 at the skin-contacting parts. In the TRUE tests, nickel sulphate was the most common allergen (31 cases, 73.8%), and potassium dichromate was the second (9 cases, 21.4%). Three patients presented simultaneous positive reactions with nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate. CONCLUSION: Minor visible and non-visible fine scratches on the spectacle frames may present the provocation factors of the ACD. Nickel sulphate was the most common allergen suspected of provoking the spectacle frame-induced ACD, followed by potassium dichromate.

The Effects of 830 nm Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on Acute Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Pilot Study

BACKGROUND: Skin lesions and pain are the most distinctive features of herpes zoster. Light-emitting diode (LED) therapy is an effective treatment known for its wound-healing effects. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the LED treatment affects wound healing and acute pain in acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus. METHODS: We recruited 28 consecutive Korean patients with acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus for the study. In the control group (group A), 14 subjects received oral famcyclovir. In the experimental group (group B), 14 subjects received oral famcyclovir and 830 nm LED phototherapy on days 0, 4, 7, and 10. In order to estimate the time for wound healing, we measured the duration from the vesicle formation to when the lesion crust fell off. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for the estimation of pain on days 4, 7, 10, and 14. RESULTS: The mean time required for wound healing was 13.14+/-2.34 days in group B and 15.92+/-2.55 days in group A (p=0.006). From day 4, the mean VAS score showed a greater improvement in group B, compared with group A. A marginal but not statistically significant difference in the VAS scores was observed between the two groups (p=0.095). CONCLUSION: LED treatment for acute herpes zoster ophthalmicus leads to faster wound healing and a lower pain score.

Corrigendum: The Effects of 830 nm Light-Emitting Diode Therapy on Acute Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus: A Pilot Study

In this paper, the legend in Figure 3 (B) was given incorrectly.

Successful Treatment of Alopecia Areata with Topical Calcipotriol

Alopecia areata (AA) is an inflammatory hair loss of unknown etiology. AA is chronic and relapsing, and no effective cure or preventive treatment has been established. Vitamin D was recently reported to be important in cutaneous immune modulation as well as calcium regulation and bone metabolism. It is well known that areata is common clinical finding in patients with vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D-resistant rickets, or vitamin D receptor (VDR) mutation. The biological actions of vitamin D3 derivatives include regulation of epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation and modulation of cytokine production. These effects might explain the efficacy of vitamin D3 derivatives for treating AA. In this study, we report a 7-year-old boy with reduced VDR expression in AA, recovery of whom was observed by topical application of calcipotriol, a strong vitamin D analog.

Nail Change after Chemotherapy: Simultaneous Development of Beau's Lines and Mees' Lines

No abstract available.

Adult Onset of Nevus Unius Lateris

No abstract available.

Folluculitis Decalvans of the Scalp: Improvement with Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide and Oral Isotretinoin / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Melanonychia Caused by Candida parapsilosis / 대한의진균학회지

Melanonychia is characterized by a tan, brown or black pigmentation within the nail plate. It results from increased melanin deposition. The stimulators and causes of melanonychia are numerous, but fungal melanonychia is rare. Candida species rarely cause black pigmentation of infected nails and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We report a case of melanonychia in the left big toenail because of Candida parapsilosis in a 47-year-old woman without any pathologic history.

Generalized Erythroderma as a Manifestation of Sezary Syndrome / 대한피부과학회지

Sezary syndrome is a variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and likely represents the leukemic phase of mycosis fungoides. Sezary syndrome is characterized by generalized erythroderma, pruritus, generalized lymphadenopathy, and circulating atypical cells with cerebriform nuclei. Histopathological features are variable, as this is a later stage in the development of mycosis fungoides. Atypical lymphocytes in the dermis and Pautrier's microabscesses may be present on a histopathological examination but up to one-third of cases may have non-specific findings. Immunological findings supporting a diagnosis of Sezary syndrome include a predominance of CD4+ lymphocytes in both skin biopsy specimens and peripheral blood. In our case, a 48-year-old male was referred for evaluation of generalized hyperpigmentation with exfoliation on his entire body. We suspected that the clinical features represented Sezary syndrome. We obtained a lymph node biopsy, immunological cell typing, and a peripheral blood smear and diagnosed Sezary syndrome.

Localized Penile Involvement Presenting as a Sole Manifestation of Syphilid / 대한피부과학회지

Cutaneous manifestations of secondary syphilis vary widely. Clinicians learn to consider the "great imitator" when confronting a combination of signs and symptoms that cannot be readily explained. A 29-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of well-circumscribed, scale-covered, erythematous plaque on the proximal part of his penis. On the basis of a serologic test for syphilis and skin biopsy, syphilid was confirmed. We report an unusual case of syphilid that presented with localized penile involvement presenting as a sole manifestation.

HIV-associated Eosinophilic Folliculitis Appearing in a Patient with End-stage AIDS / 대한피부과학회지

HIV-associated eosinophilic folliculitis is characterized by recurrent crops of severely-pruritic follicular papules, pustules and plaques that occur mainly on the face, trunk and upper extremities of AIDS patients. This disease is distinguished from Ofuji's disease by severe pruritus, leukopenia, sparing of the palm and sole and a good response to phototherapy. Up to now, only three such cases have been reported in the Korean literature. A 55-year-old man, who was confirmed as being HIV positive 6 months previously, presented with severely-pruritic, erythematous pinhead to half pea sized papules and nodules on the face, neck and anterior chest. The skin biopsy from a nodular lesion on the face revealed perifolliculitis with a predominant eosinophilic infiltrate.